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The Observatory of Physics of Atmosphere of the Centre for
Geophysics is operating at two different locations: Évora,
Colégio Luis Verney, Universidade de
Évora and at
Cabo da Roca, 30km northeast of Lisbon in the installations of Cabo da
Roca lighthouse.
| Évora
(38°34' N, 7°54' W, 300m a.n.m.m): |
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Sun-sky photometer
CIMEL CE-318-2 with a polarizing channel
(870nm) and 4 channels in the visible and near infrared
(440,670,870,1020nm) with 10nm half bandwidth, for monitoring
spectral angular radiance from the sun and from the sky in two
geometric observations:
almucantar and principal solar plane.
It allows the determination of the aerosol optical thicknesses at
440,670,870 and 1020nm; it
allows the determination of the water vapour content in the atmospheric
column and the
determination of the aerosol size distribution. It also allows the
calculation of the degree of
polarization at 870nm, in the principal solar plane.
Period of functioning: from
June, 2003
Data
accessible in AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork):
http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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Shadowband radiometer
YES MFR-7 with 7 channels in the visible and near
infrared bands
(415,500,615,673,870,940nm) with 10nm of half bandwidth and a wide band
channel (300-
1100nm) for measuring the diffuse and global spectral radiances, global
solar irradiance,
(downwelling solar flux) and diffuse solar irradiance, with 1 min
temporal sampling.
It allows the determination of aerosol optical thicknesses at 415, 500,
615, 673,870and 940nm;
it allows the determination of the water vapour content in the
atmospheric column and the
determination of the aerosol size distribution; it allows the
calculation of the aerosol single
scattering albedo (absorption of aerosols) and the complex refractive
index of aerosols
(chemical composition of aerosols).
Period of functioning: from
January 2002 - February 2003 and from July 2003 - April 2004. From October 2005.
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Hemispheric spectral
Nephelometer TSI 3563 to measure in situ volumetric
scattering and
backscattering coefficients of aerosols in three wavelengths
(450,550,700nm), with a minimum
scattering coefficient detection level of 10Mm-1 and with temporal
sampling of 2 minutes.
Period of functioning: April
to September 2002; February to December 2003; from January
2004 (except between 19 July and 23 September). |
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UV-VIS Spectrometer -
SPATRAM (SPectrometer for Atmospheric TRAcers
Monitoring) for
measuring spectral radiation in the zenith configuration of observation
in the band (300-
1000nm) with typical spectral resolution of 0.5nm. With DOAS
(Differential Optical Absorption
Spectroscopy) methodology it is possible to obtain the quantity of
trace gases (ozone, nitrogen
dioxide, bromine monoxide) in the vertical atmospheric column. It is
also possible to detect
episodes of aerosols. The temporal sampling is about 30s. With the
adaptation in the near
future of other configurations of observation and of other mechanical
and optical elements it will
be possible to obtain an atmospheric profile of trace gases, such as
sulphur dioxide, benzene,
toluene, xylene amongst others, and it could be used to monitor
airquality and stellar
spectroscopy.
Period of functioning: from
April 2004 |
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Aerodynamic Particle
Sizer Spectrometer (APS), TSI 3321 for
measuring the aerodynamic
dimensions of aerosols in the range of 0.3 to 20 µm, with a
resolution which varies between
0.02 µm for aerosols of aerodynamic size of 1 µm,
to 0.03 µm for aerosols with aerodynamic
size of 10 µm. It also allows the calculation of in situ
atmospheric aerosol concentration from a
minimum value of 0.001particles/cm3 to a maximum
value of 1000
particles/cm3 and with
adjustable sampling times from 1 second up to 18 per sample.
Period of functioning: from
November 2004 |
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Keithley Electrometer
JCI 131, for the continuous monitoring of the
vertical component of
the atmospheric electric field. It has four scales: 2, 20, 200 and
2000kV/m with automatic
commutations, respectively with the correspondent sensitivity
thresholds of 0,1, 1, 10 e
100kV/m. The electric field data can be used for boundary layer
phenomenological studies,
namely concentration of aerosols, fogs, clouds. When the electric field
reach critical values it can
be used as an important device for civil protection, allowing the
warning of risk in several
activities (handling of fuel with powders in suspension, etc).
Period of functioning: from
December 2003 to October 2004; from February 2005 |
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Broad-band solar
radiometer of wide spectral range - Eppley pyranometers
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for measuring
global and diffuse solar irradiances in the spectral range (285-2800
nm) in the horizontal
surface. The temporal sampling is 10 minutes.
Period of functioning: from
December 2002. |
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Broad-band infrared
radiometer of wide spectral range (λ>
4000 nm) – Eppley
pyrgeometer– for measuring the dowelling flux density of
atmospheric radiation at the
horizontal surface. The temporal sampling is 10 minutes.
Period of functioning: from
December 2002. |
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Tapered Element
Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) series 1400a
For measuring in situ
mass concentration of aerosols (particle mass per
unit air volume) with
aerodynamic diameter lower than 10μm (PM-10), with temporal
sampling of 10min. The air
sample passes through a filter whose oscillating frequency depends on
the mass of the
deposited aerosols. The sample is heated at a constant temperature of
50ºC. The sampling air
flux at the PM-10 inlet is 1m3hour-1
(16.7 lmin-1).
The typical values of aerosol concentrations observed in
Évora are: 10-20μgm-3
Period of functioning: from 18
January 2006. |
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Ceilometer VAISALA CL31
operates with a laser at the wavelength 910
nm, with a second
generation optic system which gives precise results even at low
altitudes.
This ceilometer uses LIDAR technology (LIght Detection And Ranging),
from which concentrated
beams of light are almost vertically emitted. The reflection of this
light (backscattering) caused
by clouds, rain or other atmospheric constituents (such as aerosols) is
analysed in order to
determine the cloud base height and the backscattered profile with a
vertical resolution of 5m
between the surface and 7.5 km height. The temporal sampling can be of
2 s. It allows the
simultaneous detection up to three layers of clouds.
Period of functioning: from
April 2006 |
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Multi Angle Absorption Photometer, Thermo Scientific
Para medição "in situ" do coeficiente de absorção dos aerossóis de Carbono Negro (Black/Elemental Carbon), no comprimento de onda de 670 nm, presente no ar ambiente através da combinação da medição de luz dispersa em determinados ângulos e transmitida através de um filtro onde se acumulam as partículas. A partir dos valores do coeficiente de dispersão determina-se a concentração local de carbono negro na atmosfera. A frequência de amostragem é de 1 minuto. Possui uma cabeça de amostragem de tipo PM-10. As concentrações instantâneas de Carbono Negro mais frequentes em Évora variam entre 0.5 e 1.5 μgm-3
Period of functioning: from April 2007.
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Raman Lider System
Technical Description
- emission of laser light at 3 wavelengths (355, 532, 1064 nm)
- detection of radiation at 5 wavelengths (355, 387, 532, 607, 1064 nm)
- 1 channel to determine the degree of depolarization
- vertical resolution: 30m
- laser frequency: 20 Hz
- observational range: troposphere and lower stratosphere
- transportable
- remotely controlled
Objectives
Aims to obtain information on the vertical structure of atmospheric constituents, such as of aerosols, clouds and of the atmospheric boundary layer. Allows obtaining the vertical profile of the extinction coefficient of aerosols at 2 wavelengths and of the backscattering coefficient of aerosols at 3 wavelengths.
The LIDAR is integrated in international networks:
Use conditions by external scientists of CGE
For more information please consult the LIDAR website (http://evunix.uevora.pt/~lidar)
Period of functioning: from September 2009.
Funding Institution
The LIDAR was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), through the National Re-equipment Program- Programa Nacional de Re-equipamento Cientifico (PNRC)
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| Cabo da Roca (38º78' N,
9º30' W, 120m na.m.m) |
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Sun-sky photometer
CIMEL CE-318-2 with a polarizing channel (870nm) and 4
channels in
the visible and near infrared (440,670,870,1020nm) with 10nm half
bandwidth, for monitoring
spectral angular radiance from the sun and from the sky in two
geometric observations:
almucantar and principal solar plane.
It allows the determination of the aerosol optical thicknesses at
440,670,870 and 1020nm; it
allows the determination of the water vapour content in the atmospheric
column and the
determination of the aerosol size distribution. It also allows the
calculation of the degree of
polarization at 870nm, in the principal solar plane.
Period of functioning: from
December 2003 to October 2004; from February 2005
Data accessible in AERONET (AErosol RObotic
NETwork):
http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ |
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